VOWEL SOUNDS

The following  map demonstrate the vowel inventory of most American English speakers. The two central vowels sound pretty much the same in isolation. The main difference between the two is that the tent (inverted v) sound occurs in stressed syllables (like "funny"), while the schwa occurs in unstressed syllables (like "sofa").

This video is very short and simple for understanding the different sounds of vowels.

DIPHTHONG SOUNDS

This video is very short and simple for teaching, learning and understanding the different sounds of diphthongs.

SUMMARY

Intro to Speaking

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

Group: 44

Name: Diana Calderon.

Semana 1

SEMANTICS

SEMANTICS

Semantics is closely linked with another sub discipline of linguistics, pragmatics, which is also, broadly speaking, the study of meaning. However, unlike pragmatics, semantics is a highly theoretical research perspective, and looks at meaning in language in isolation, in the language itself, whereas pragmatics is a more practical subject and is interested in meaning in language in use.

Semantics means the meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure. Semantics largely determine our reading comprehension, how we understand others, and even what decisions we make as a result of our interpretations. 

Semantics, or the study of relationships between words and how we construct meaning, sheds light on how we experience the world and how we understand others and ourselves. Explore this concept with a definition and examples, and then check out the quiz to challenge your newfound knowledge.

SYNTAX

Syntax is the grammar, structure, or order of the elements in a language statement. (Semantics is the meaning of these elements.) Syntax applies to computer languages as well as to natural languages. Usually, we think of syntax as "word order."

Traditionally, linguists have recognized a basic distinction between syntax (which is primarily concerned with the ways in which words are put together in sentences) andmorphology (which is primarily concerned with the internal structures of words).

MORPHOLOGY

The term morphology is Greek and is a makeup of morph- meaning 'shape, form', and -ology which means 'the study of something'. The term is used not only in linguistics but also in biology as the scientific study of forms and structure of animals and plants, and in geology as the study of formation and evolution of rocks and land forms.

If morphology is the study of the internal structure of words, we need to define the word word before we can continue. That might sound easy - surely we all know what a word is. In texts they are particularly easy to spot since they are divided by white spaces.

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

PHONETICS

The three branches of PhoneticsAcoustic PhoneticsThis is the study of the sound waves made by the human vocal organs for communication and how the sounds are transmitted. The sound travels through from the speaker's mouth through the air to the hearer's ear, through the form of vibrations in the air.

Auditory Phonetics

This is how we perceive and hear sounds and how the ear, brain and auditory nerve perceives the sounds. This branch deals with the physiological processes involved in the reception of speech.

Articulatory Phonetics

Articulatory phonetics is interested in the movement of various parts of the vocal tract during speech.The vocal tract is the passages above the larynx where air passes in the production of speech. In simpler terms which bit of the mouth moves when we make a sound. 

THE VOCAL TRACT

THE ELEMENTS

Phonetics is the systematic study of speech and the sounds of language. Traditionally phoneticians rely on careful listening and observation in order to describe speech sounds.

PHONOLOGY

Phonology is A branch of linguistics, Ii is the study of the sound structure of language and how speech sounds are used to convey meaning.

Phonemes V. Allophones

Phonemes are the meaningfully different sound units in a certain language (the smallest units of sound). For example, 'pat' and 'bat' differ in their first phoneme.

Allophones are the various ways in which the phonemes can be realized as actual phonetic speech sounds, and can give rise to different pronunciations of the same word.